House systems are one of the most contentious issues within Astrology - how do you divide up the 360 degrees of the Zodiac?
The original method of division was probably to calculate the position of the Ascendant and assign the first house to the Sign in which the Ascendant lies. Thus, using myself as an example, my Ascendant is at 21 degrees of Leo - so the WHOLE sign of Leo becomes my first House, All Virgo becomes my second, through to the whole of Cancer as my twelfth. All these houses are exactly one sign wide - so I have equal houses and no 'skinny' ones.
However, the MC does not form the cusp of the tenth House under this system - it's somewhere between the eighth and the twelfth, though ninth to eleventh are the most likely positions.
When the idea grew that the MC should be a house cusp, problems arose. As Dave says above there are different ways of dividing up equally the space between the Ascendant and the MC (which is likely to be more or less than 90 degrees for most latitudes). One way is to trisect the angle, so if there is 120 degrees between the two point each of the houses from 12 to 10 becomes 40 degrees wide (with the same corresponding widths in houses 4 through to 6 inclusive). The other six houses must nescessarily be 20 degrees wide to complet the circle. However even this is open to problems because it is not clear where you measure the angle between Ascendant and MC - which is a 3 dimensional angle and how you project that onto a two dimensional surface - the horoscope. So the division of space can actually give different results depending on how you measure the angle.
Even worse space could be divided not inot equal amounts of 'distance' but into equal amounts of time - the time taken for one the Ascendant degree to 'travel' up to the MC. Each of houses 12 and 11 thus marks a third of the time.
There also is a modern version of the ancient whole sign approach to houses, this takes the Ascendant degree (such as my 21 Leo) and measures the houses in 30 degree increments - so my second house is 21 Virgo and so on till my twelfth is 21 Cancer.
Whichever system is used - it's very possible that a planet could change houses if the system is changed, altering it's meaning, possibly quite significantly. I tend to use Placidus houses, for natal work and the earlier Regiomontanus for horary work (both of which are variants of triesecting space) but recently I've been experimenting with the easier whole sign approach.