The Cary-Yale Visconti

Ross G Caldwell

Huck said:
Dummett translated Decembrio's passage of 1447 (Life of Filippo Visconti):

"He was accustomed from his youth to play games of various kinds ...
and particularly that type of game in which images are painted, which
delighted him to such an extent that he paid 1500 gold pieces for a
whole pack (ludum) of them, made in the first place by Marziano da
Tortona, his secretary, who executed with the utmost diligence images
of the gods, and placed under them with wonderful skill figures of
animals and birds."

Theoriginal is in our online-edition http://www.geocities.com/research_of_tarot/Page15.html

Cap. LVI

Should be Chapter LXI (61)

Decembrio speaks of "Animals and Birds" ... the suits have birds only, as far the description of Martiano da Tortona is true.

http://trionfi.com/0/b/04/index.php

Possibly he has never seen the deck.

Decembrio doesn't call the deck a Trionfi deck ... although he should have known the Cary-Yale. The term appears in Ferrara after the marriage twice, and disappears then again ...

Many early commentators, starting with Cicognara, thought that the Visconti di Modrone/"Cary-Yale" was this deck.

People began doubting it almost immediately, because there were no gods and not really any birds (are there?)

I think that Decembrio might be describing the animals which accompany the images of the gods - peacocks for Juno, dolphins for Neptune, tigers for Bacchus, etc.

Perhaps Decembrio himself hadn't too much intimacy to Filippo Maria, being involved in diplomatic missions and then outside Milan or the reach of Filippo longer times. And perhaps he was a writing scholar, who used his lonesomeness for produktivity?

Who organisized the library in Pavia (when ?) and who had access to the books (when ?)?

As far as I know, it grew most under Giangaleazzo, who often took manuscripts from conquered cities and monasteries. It was first catalogued in 1426 (January). Professor Ugo Rozzo of Udine (Italy), thinks that this might suggest that Marziano da Tortona was the "librarian", and that as he had recently died (perhaps in February 1425), Filippo Maria wanted a catalogue.

I'm not sure who had access to the books - I imagine the family in the Castle did, and it was shown to important guests. I'll have to see if Elizabeth Pellegrin has anything to say with precision.

The platonic activity of Decembrio seems to have attracted Filelfo to go to Milan in 1440 ... when precisely?
If Decembrio was happy about the competition with this difficult famous man?

Well, I'll have to see. Rossmini must have something.
 

Huck

Decembrio wrote the life of Piccinino ... perhaps in this text we find this story of Piccinino, riding in a boat over the sea to attack Verona next day ...
 

Huck

Ross G Caldwell said:
Should be Chapter LXI (61)



Many early commentators, starting with Cicognara, thought that the Visconti di Modrone/"Cary-Yale" was this deck.

People began doubting it almost immediately, because there were no gods and not really any birds (are there?)

I think that Decembrio might be describing the animals which accompany the images of the gods - peacocks for Juno, dolphins for Neptune, tigers for Bacchus, etc.

Yes ... this might be.

As far as I know, it grew most under Giangaleazzo, who often took manuscripts from conquered cities and monasteries. It was first catalogued in 1426 (January). Professor Ugo Rozzo of Udine (Italy), thinks that this might suggest that Marziano da Tortona was the "librarian", and that as he had recently died (perhaps in February 1425), Filippo Maria wanted a catalogue.

I'm not sure who had access to the books - I imagine the family in the Castle did, and it was shown to important guests. I'll have to see if Elizabeth Pellegrin has anything to say with precision.

Pavia had a university. But I'm not sure if normal students were allowed to use the library of the duke.
 

kwaw

Huck said:
The platonic activity of Decembrio seems to have attracted Filelfo to go to Milan in 1440 ... when precisely?
If Decembrio was happy about the competition with this difficult famous man?

According to Hankins Decembrio and Filelfo were of opposing factions within the Milanese court, he describes Filelfo as Decembrio's 'bitterest enemy' within the opposing faction and writes "...when Francesco Sforza came to power in 1449 he did not retain Pier Candido in his service, whether because Decembrio's service to the republic had tainted him, or because of his rival Filelfo''s slanderous tongue it is difficult to tell."

Filelfo was also a translator of Plato, translating Euthyphro between 1429 and 1434, and Letters sometime prior to September 1440 [Hankins rates Filelfo's Euthyphro, Cassarino's Repubic and Bruni's Crito as the best latin translations of Plato before Ficino].

Kwaw
 

kwaw

Huck said:
Who organisized the library in Pavia (when ?) and who had access to the books (when ?)?

Giangaleazzo
quote:
"Like other tyrants in Ferrara, Mantua, and Urbino, Giangaleazzo patronized learning and the arts. He took an interest in the University of Pavia, which his father had founded. The Roman humanist Poggio praised the scholars of his court. Giangalleazzo continued to build the great library at Pavia that his predecessors had begun. Indeed, in the late fourteenth century he made this city and Milan major European centers for the production of illuminated manuscripts...

"...Giangaleazzo's court among all Italian centers was destined to witness a unique efflorescence of the art of the book. He provided special patronage, first of all, for the library founded by his immediate predecessors, developing it into one of the greatest collections in Europe, equal in size and splendour to those of his Valois relatives in France. For him, furthermore, as for the Valois princes (except the Burgundian dukes), illumination was more attractive than panel painting. We know, in fact, practically no Milanese panels of the last quarter of the fourteenth century or the first quarter of the fifteenth. Painting in manuscripts therefore provided special opportunities in Milan...[Meiss]

Filippo Maria
quote:
"Although the Duke {Filippo} was a bibliophile, for whom many kinds of manuscripts were written, including treatises on law and medicine and Italian translations of the Roman historians whose works he seems especially to have enjoyed, there is little evidence of an interest in books during the early years of his reign...

"The first dated indication of the Duke's interest in books is the inventory of the Visconti library in Pavia made at his command n January 1426. The earliest surviving dated manuscripts written for him are Italian translations of Suetonius's Lives of the Caesars 1431, and three Decades of Livy's Roman History, whose third Decade bears the date 1432. Both...were illuminated by the Master of the Vitae Imperatorium. This master also illuminated a Breviary for Marie of Savoy some time after her marriage to Filipo Maria in 1428, and probably before 1435..[Kirsch]

End quotes from the introduction to The Visconti Hours, first from Part 1 written by Millard Meiss, the second from part 2 written by Edith W. Kirsch.

Kwaw
 

kwaw

kwaw said:
According to Hankins Decembrio and Filelfo were of opposing factions within the Milanese court, he describes Filelfo as Decembrio's 'bitterest enemy' within the opposing faction and writes "...when Francesco Sforza came to power in 1449 he did not retain Pier Candido in his service, whether because Decembrio's service to the republic had tainted him, or because of his rival Filelfo''s slanderous tongue it is difficult to tell."

Filelfo was also a translator of Plato, translating Euthyphro between 1429 and 1434, and Letters sometime prior to September 1440 [Rankin rates Filelfo's Euthyphro, Cassarino's Repubic and Bruni's Crito as the best latin translations of Plato before Ficino].

Kwaw

The Visconti court "..was sharply divided into warring factions of humanists. On one side were Decembrio, Catone Sacco, Antonio da Rho and Lorenzo Valla. On the other side was a party led by the court poets, Antonio Panormita, Antonio Cremona, Francesco Mecenati and Francesco Filelfo...

"Panormita...left Milan for Naples in 1434, but kept in contact with the Milanese circle by letter and continued his campaign against Decembrio, for example in putting Cassarino up to retranslating the Republic...

"The animosity between Decembrio and Filelfo was a great constant; the latter regarding Pier Candido (whom he nicknamed 'Leucus' - 'paleface') as a mere fraud, and allied himself with Guarino in proving Decembrio's ignorance of Greek. He composed distichs against Decembrio and Poggio for example from 'In Eloquii Graeci Depravortores':

"Graecatur Leucus, graecatur Poggius una
Cum linguam neuter noverit argolicam.
At graios qua lege libros fecere latinos?
Graius id interpres preastitit auxilii."

Hankins, Plato in the Italian Renaissance, p.129.

Kwaw
 

Huck

Very nice, kwaw, you've good resources in these questions ...

The Visconti court "..was sharply divided into warring factions of humanists. On one side were Decembrio, Catone Sacco, Antonio da Rho and Lorenzo Valla. On the other side was a party led by the court poets, Antonio Panormita, Antonio Cremona, Francesco Mecenati and Francesco Filelfo..."

As far the relation between Decembrio and Filelfo is involved, it seems difficult to see the tension before 1440 ... actually it seems - at least at the surface - that Filelfo was invited cause Decembrio's activities. Or Filippo Maria in a mood of common sadism invited Filelfo just cause this tension to keep Decembrio under some stress and frustration?

Decembrio was political active and possibly ambitious (later he became a sort of president for the Ambrosian republic) ... things, which would have been watched with suspicious eyes by Filippo Maria.

That Filelfo - generally presented as a difficult character - wouldn't have accepted second place in Milan, is logical, once, that he had set his foot in it.

The tension between Milanese and Florentian scholars (Fuilelfo and Decembrio) are natural cause the war between Florence and Milan.

Panormita .... I stumbled about the following:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Beccadelli

"He became a guest of Filippo Maria Visconti family at Pavia (1430-1433), where he completed his studies and entered the court of the Visconti. He would dedicate himself to philological studies, in particular to the tradition of Plautus.

In 1434, he entered the service of Alfons V of Aragon at Naples. Alfonso was a great patron of the arts, and in this city Beccadelli founded the academy Porticus Antoniana, later known as the Pontaniana, after Giovanni Pontano. At Naples, Beccadelli began a close friendship with Pontano, and introduced the young scholar to the royal chancery of King Alfonso.

Beccadelli and Alfonso shared a great love of culture, and Beccadelli accompanied Alfonso during the vicissitudes of the king's career. When Alfonso became a prisoner in the hands of Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, in 1435, Alfonso persuaded his ferocious and crafty captor to let him go by making it plain that it was the interest of Milan not to prevent the victory of the Aragonese party in Naples. Beccadelli, with his former connection to the Milanese court, played a role in these negotiations."

As the situation of 1435 (Alfonso as prisoner played cards with Filippo Maria Visconti) are related to card-playing, this is a very interesting information.

Panormita wrote a very drastical erotic piece of literature, in which homosexual tendencies appear undisguided (the text is in the web somewhere) ca. 1421 and this text was dedicated to the early Cosimo de Medici (!), who in his late life developed a strong favour for "platonic ideas" and helped the young Marsilio Ficino to a villa in Carreggio near Florence, where the platonic academy was founded ...

In the biographical work of the Florentian book-trader Bisticci a story about the cardinal Cesarini is told (Cesarini died 1444, so this story likely relates to a time, when Pope Eugen was in Florence), when a young priest or monk was surprized reading a book of Panormita, which contained erotical pictures and was simply a porno book of early 15th century. The reading and possession of the book was condemned and MUST have led to excommunication - such were the times of Pope Eugen - , but Cesarini reacted mildly and only burnt the book (and was honoured by Bisticci for his understanding of human nature).

I wouldn't think, that there were early competition between Decembrio and Panormita, as it seems, that Decembrio in 1433 was not important enough ... (?) ... but perhaps you've better informations.

Lorenzo Valla ...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla

was also only till 1433 in Milan (it seems that he was only at Milanese territory, Piaczenza and Pavia) and - as Panormita - didn't spend a long time there. He also left - as Panormita - to the court of Alfonso of Aragon

http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/v/valla_l.shtml
(another German source, which seems to better informed tells, that he arrived 1437 at Alfonso's court and was before occasionally in Milan'; the relation to Decembrio is described as close).


....

"Although the Duke {Filippo} was a bibliophile, for whom many kinds of manuscripts were written, including treatises on law and medicine and Italian translations of the Roman historians whose works he seems especially to have enjoyed, there is little evidence of an interest in books during the early years of his reign... "

This is really an interesting observation ...

It's hard to say, how important the relation from Filippo Maria Visconti to Martiano da Tortona was, who in his youth worked in a difficult time as his teacher and later in other services to him. Martiano da Tortona died 1425 ... and in 1426 Filippo Maria Visconti made the inventory of the library in 1426. This leaves the question, if Filippo Maria had his personal own intellectual connection to his own library by Martiano da Tortona ... and in 1426, when Martiano da Tortona was gone, it was necessary to make the inventory to get some informations, what treasures were still in it.

On the other side, this starting intellectual interests had some logical synchronity to the intellectual developments in Mantua (Vittoria da Feltre) and to Guarino 1429 in Ferrara.
 

Huck

Hm ...

the activities overlap, as various interesting components were meanwhile researched with some success by Lothar at the group of LTarot recently.

It's too complicated to be repeated here for the moment, likely some of the stuff will be presented in better form at web-pages later.

Oh, post 1001 ... interesting. And post 6000 totally for this group.

3rd of January 2007, 3 1/2 years Tarotforum ....

Likely a good moment to find a place for lost words.

Have a nice time
 

kwaw

The Virtue of Architecture

Hi Huck

...
A portrait of the bride Bianca Maria above, represented as Fama [perhaps representing the fame and glory of the duchy of Milan], with a trumpet and crown in her hands; below her husband to be the condotierre Sforza in a landscape crowned by a crown, in the landscape of Visconti ruled territories promised him as part of his dowry, the duchy of Milan under a single crown from which the Maria/Fama figure above emerges.

The rare 'landscape' scene can perhaps be understood in relation to the use of Plato in the polemics of Milanese, Florentine and Venetian propaganda of the time; and in particular with description of Uberto Decembrio of the healthy state, in which he defines Milan in contrast to the Florentine or Venetian states, as interdependent cities and their territories under the rule of a prince [symbolized by the crown as intermediary link between the Visconti bride above and the condotierre Sforza below].

Kwaw

An interesting essay here on 'The Virtue of Architecture':

http://etudesanciennes.revues.org/334

Of note especially Filarefo's ideal city of Sforzinda - and his portrayal of 'virtue' as a (winged) armed man (Sforza) with Fama/Glory above (his own picture is different to our world card here - but the concept is similar).
 

kwaw

#deleted# (wrong thread!)