MikeH said:
Beanu: As I think I said around 15 pages back, yes, I think Alexandrian Neopythagoreanism, which focused on the first ten numbers, and the theory of the ten sefirot are connected back there somewhere.
While they may be related historically, consider also the possibility that they are related even more
intrinsically by the mere fact that both Kabbalah and the best of Neoplatonism (that is, that most indistinguishable from Plato himself), namely the Alexandrian (which I take it is also indistinguishable from Gnosticism proper),
grasped reality with enough accuracy to arrive at the
same conclusions.
[I do see a Gnostic connection to Kabbalah, the indications I’ve seen being that Kabbalah (meaning its predecessor, Merkavah) influenced or even spawned Gnosticism, not the other way around.
]
I don't see any mention of sefirot before the Sefer Bahir, 12th century Provence. I can't find them in the Sefer Yetsirah (although I do see the three mothers and the seven doubles).
[Edited to add: Sorry, I didn't read your reply to Kwaw till after I posted this.] What? The first chapter is about nothing else! Unless you are thrown off by their being grouped differently: into pairs of opposites, not triads with offspring. This (though tragically not understood by today’s Kabbalistic rabbis) is because they are being described in the second of the four worlds, whereas the zoharic Tree is their configuration in the third world, that of forms. I do laud you, surely, if the reason you don’t see the Tree in
SY is that you do not ‘buy’ the traditional rabbinic ‘explanation’ that the Sefirot are there being generated in a DIFFERENT ORDER, thus ignoring their most important aspect, the
ordinal (being the first ten numbers).
Perhaps they developed out of the Merkabah descriptions--they typically only had seven levels, but the three higher levels could have been added.
Here, knowledge of the source of the Sefirot themselves is most helpful. There are 12 spokes (which with the return to the first make 13
middot or divine attributes) on each of Ezekiel’s 4 wheels (which map the four worlds). The Sefirot originates (as can clearly be demonstrated) as the
first ten of them, which lead from the One—Godhead, Unity, what is exalted or straight
up—to the one, that is, the one individual
ten-fingered being, which is the direction indicated by the
tenth spoke or sign: straight
back towards self. What it is straight back
from is straight
ahead or straight
out, the
fourth sign or spoke or
Sefirah, and since this is the direction
towards other, it is the one which both the
Bahir and the zoharic Tree call Lovingkindness (Chesed).
Anyway, the second wheel, the wheel of one’s surroundings as they appear in thought (i.e. centered atop the head
when seated), defines itself to the eye (by the division of the firmament mentioned in Genesis) as having an
upper half that is
unmanifested space, only its
lower half being manifest to us (the ground), while anything that appears
in space can
also only show us its bottom half. The 7 signs on the manifested half of the second wheel were (by my careful analysis and confirmed by the scientific ramifications thereof) originally assigned to the 7 ‘doubles’, whilst the first 3 Sefirot—even in Lurianic (zoharic) Kabbalah—are the ‘supernals’. These last are
analogous to the 3 ‘mothers’, for the mothers themselves are the first 3
wheels (each of which has another wheel in its ‘belly’) and correspond to the first 3
elements (fire-air-water), whose triads on any
one wheel are generated by the first 3 signs. And this last refers to the primordial triads, where fire points
up (at aries the head) and water points
down (towards libra the loins)—as in the tradition concerning the interlaced triangles (the ‘Seal of Solomon’)—and earth points where earthly body points (the breast, the sign of the crab) and air blows back in one’s face (i.e. towards capricorn) when in motion.
[Why astrology rotated the 2nd through 4th elements is another story for another day.
]
And now that I see how long it took to explain, perhaps knowing how the Sefirot originated is
not so helpful after all. (But I will leave it for any to whom it might be.)
The Renaissance theorists certainly saw the sefirot as Pythagorean.
I fully concur with them, but again, leaving it open as to whether a direct connection exists or whether it was not more of a case of both arriving at an accurate view of the same
reality. At any rate, the grouping of Sefirot in the zoharic Tree is, when fully understood, precisely that of the
tetraktys: the
ONE; whence the first male-female
PAIR, who produce
no offspring (being the
chaste m/f aspects of the psyche); whence the second m/f pair who, with their
one (agreed-upon) offspring (being the
procreative m/f aspects of the psyche), form a
TRIPLICITY; whence the third m/f pair who, with their
two (i.e. ambiguous or
not agreed-upon) offspring (being the
lustful m/f aspects of the psyche) form a
QUADRUPLICITY.
The trouble is that the Kabbalist structure got twisted over the centuries--male and female changing places, for example, and right and left--distorting the parallels.
I’m curious where you got this. It certainly goes against everything I have read concerning them: for example,
2 is usually associated with the yod of the Name and
3 with the first heh. Seriously, what is your source for this (I’ve not read my Mathers yet: was it him?).