the glyphs for mars and venus are the general male and female symbils. mercury is a combination of venus and taurus with the curve above. jupiter and saturns are oppisite in general, whre as neptune resemlbes the psi, a greek letter.
I believe that most of them originated iwht Greece and /or rome, although Egyps and/or Persia coudl be the origion of some of hte symbols. Its hard to pinpoint any one spot but the Roman European and the Arabian areas are a good place to start.