Clarification from Taheuti
In the LWB of the thoth tarot, it mentions under The Chariot (in the catalogue section) that "The charioteer is seated in the chariot of the body and is drawn by sphinxes, who represent the sixteen subelements of the emotions."
Does anyone know what these sixteen subelements of emotion are? I've looked on the rest of the internet and cannot find it.
This post led me down an interesting path. I went digging to see what light I could shed on the "counter-changing" of the "four elements" as represented by the four-fold admixture of the physical characteristics of the four Kerubs visible in the card.
The first thing I found is that in both Greek and Egyptian mythology, the sphinx was a tripartite being (discounting the serpent-headed tail, which did not seem to figure in Crowley's symbolism for this card) rather than four-fold, as shown in this Wiki entry:
"THE SPHINX (or Phix) was a female monster with the body of a lion, the breast and head of a woman, eagle's wings and, according to some, a serpent-headed tail."
and
"Unlike the Greek sphinx which was a woman, the Egyptian sphinx is typically shown as a man (an androsphinx)."
The Bull doesn't make an appearance. Apparently Crowley changed this conceptually to correlate with his use of the Vision of Ezekiel as one basis for his symbolism. The eagle's wings only figure prominently in two of the four images (Bull/Earth and Lion/Fire) since the eagle symbolism is represented in other ways on the remaining two. The head, body (or "haunches" in another Wiki description) and breast were swapped around on all four of the sphinxes.
Next I went searching in those of my tarot texts that might be deep enough to speak on this subject. Robert Wang had the following to say:
"He (Crowley) . . . has, thus, taken Levi's dual sphinxes and turned them into the Four Kerubiim, each of which has four sub-elements, as in the Tattvas."
Volume 2 of the "Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic," under "Introductory Paper on the Tattvas," describes the four elemental Tattvas (the fifth, Akasa - ether or spirit - does not appear to play a part in the sphinx symbolism) as follows:
Vayu - The Aerial Principle, symbolized by a circle of clear blue, the air being obviously a sphere of blue colour. (Man/Aquarius?)
Tejas, the Principle of Light and Heat, symbolized by a triangle of flame red, the shape and colour being both obviously appropriate. (Lion/Aries?)
Apas - Watery Principle, symbolized by a crescent in silver, alluding to the Moon as ruler of the waters. (Eagle/Scorpio?)
Prithivi - the Earthy Principle, symbolized by a square form of a yellow color; the stability of earth being denoted by the square or cube; since the perfect form of earth according to the alchemists is gold, the colour yellow is appropriate. (Bull/Taurus?)
There is nothing clearly linking the four Tattvas to anything that would correspond to the four Kerubiim of Ezekiel. However, we can take a cue from the Chariot card itself, which shows a Bull-headed, an Eagle-headed, a Human-headed and a Lion-headed sphinx. For sake of argument, if the head is considered as the elemental key to the entire figure, then we have a Fire sphinx (Lion); a Water sphinx (Eagle); an Air sphinx (Man) and an Earth sphinx (Bull). From there it's a short leap to conclude that, accordingly, the Fire sphinx has a female human upper body (the Airy part of Fire), a bull's fore-and-hind-quarters (the Earthy part of Fire) and an eagle's wings (the Watery part of Fire). Unfortunately, after that the orderly arrangement seems to break down a bit since it's not entirely clear "what's what" on the other three sphinxes. The heads are all obvious, as are the eagle's lower extremities on the Human-headed sphinx, the human fore-quarters on the Eagle-headed sphinx, and the lion's fore-quarters, eagle's wings and feathery torso on the Bull-headed sphinx.The remainder of the images are rather amorphous (it's
almost clear that the Air sphinx has a bull's hind-quarters [but not feet]; the Earth sphinx really throws me, however). The only thing that seems obvious is that the wings on the middle two figures are not significant since the Water (Eagle) symbolism is already accounted for. I would appreciate some additional insight on this apparent vagueness since it's clear what was intended but the execution seems to have lapsed somewhere along the way.
Edit: After further staring at the card (with a magnifier) and absorbing Teheuti's input, I'll make another stab at the rest of the "counter-changing."
Human-headed (Air) sphinx has Eagle's lower extremities - fore-quarters and hind-feet (the Watery part of Air); perhaps a Bull's hind-quarters (the Earthy part of Air); and a sort of furry collar (reminiscent of the bust of Nefertiti) in the "breast position" that is the only representation of the Lion (the Fiery part of Air) that I can deduce. (These last two could be interchangeable; the imagery simply isn't clear enough.)
Eagle-headed (Water) sphinx has Human fore-quarters (the Airy part of Water); Lion's hind-quarters (the Fiery part of Water); and a slightly larger furry collar at the "breast" that seems to stand in for the Bull (the Earthy part of Water). (In this case the former is very clear so the latter seems more plausible, but I still think it's a stretch.)
Bull-headed (Earth) sphinx has Lion fore-quarters and maybe hind-quarters (the Fiery part of Earth); what appear to be attenuated Human hind-feet in profile (the Airy part of Earth); and an Eagle's feathery torso and wings (the Watery part of Earth).
I don't see any particular significance to the different head-dress on each sphinx, but I'm in no way an Egyptologist. Maybe others can weigh in.
I haven't compared these impressions to the deeper Court card symbolism to see if there is any alignment between the placement of the various sub-elements on the sphinxes and the CC meanings, but that's a whole 'nuther study.