First printed ref
I believe that is the first printed occurrence of the terms' application to the pack so far known.
Question is, whether it was a term invented, or applied, or even re-applied.
The people concerned had to do some research into their topic - so was it a term they found in another source, or made up for themselves? I'd be inclined to think the latter, if for no other reason that the order of the Latin words is not given in the right order i.e. should be arcana major (or majoris), not major arcana.
On the other hand, a poem called de Vetula contains the following:
Mundi partes, celestis scilicet illa, hec elementaris, mundo servire minori/non dedignantur. Mundus minor est homo, cuius e celo vita est; et victus as hiis elementis sic dictus, quia sit mundi majioris ad instar factus.
Now this happens to accord very well with the pack's 'architecture' and three levels, which as I believe are designed to provide a generic model of the mundus according to the sort of "total structure, in parts and parts-of-parts" which defined the medieval Scholastic approach to explanation of all things.
Sorry - translation of the Latin:
The divisions of the universe [mundi partes], namely that celestial [part] and this of the [4] elements, do not disdain to serve the lower world. That lower [mundus minor] is man, whose life derives from the heavens; and being sustained/upheld by these elements it was thus said it/he was made in the likeness of the greater [mundus major].
I won't try to discuss the poem's provenance, dating or what was then (1300-1500) believed in that regard.